Phonograph



Sept. 6, 1938. G. A. WHITE 2,129,611

PHONOGRAPH Filed May 14, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet l [flaw-i Y fzzms.

' P76. 2. EW W/m sss: ye% Ma e Sept. 1938- G. AuWHlTE 2,129,611

PHONOGRAPH Filed May 14, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 4r 704 /1 16" ya? Sept. 6, 1938.

G. A. Z'WHIITE PHONOGRAPH 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 14, 1931 Ar lam 149.

, Patented SepbflG, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE...

2,129,611 rnonoomrn George A. White, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Lloyd [-1. Smith, New

York, N. Y.

- Application May 14, 1931, Serial N0. 537,353 1 Claims. (c1. zit-10) This invention relates to a phonograph and particularly a phonograph embodying mechanism for automatically changing records.

In my applicationflerial Number 462,466, filed June 20, 1930, there is described a phonograph 115 operation. This improved mechanism-is simpler in both construction and operation, being entirely mechanical and so eliminating certain electrlcalcontrols in the prior machine.

One specific object of the invention is the promy vision of a new means for eflecting single discharge of records from the stack.

Other objects of the invention relating partlcf ularly to details of construction will become apparent from the following description read in 5 conjililnction with the accompanying drawings, in

whic

' Fig. 1 is a plan view of the improved phonoifgraph mechanism and a suitable cabinet thereor; I

30 Fig.2 is a vertical section illustrating the relationship 'oi certainv parts of the phonograph mechanism to a conventionalized cabinet, the 'majorportion oi the mechanism being omitted;

Fig.- 3 is a vertical section through the mech- 35 anism;

Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of the mechanism;

- -Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on the plane indicated at 5-4 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken on the plane 40 indicated at 8-4 in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a vertical section taken on the plane indicatedat 1-4 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 8 is a'vertical section taken on the plane 6 indicated at H in Fig. 4; and Figs. 9, l0,and 11 are detailed views illustrating various events in the handling of records by the mechanism.

The phonograph is housed in a suitable cabinet conventionally illustrated at 2. It the phono- 5 graph is to form an individual unit this cabinet may be'of suitable small size. On the other hand if, as is preferred, the phonograph is to be used in combination with a radio set, then a portion of the radio cabinet, preferably the upper por- 55 tion, is used to form the phonograph housing.

The'cabinet in whatever form it may take is arranged to support they plate 4 which carries the mec anism as a unit, providing a suitable frame for t e moving parts, so that the entire mechanism is removable from the cabinet. Adjacent .5 the plate 4, which, as illustrated in Fig. 2, is located at an angle so that the axis of rotation of the phonograph records inclines to the vertical,- is a suitable record receiving well 6 preferably lined with soft shock absorbing material 8. This 'well is arranged to receive the records R as they are discharged from the turntable.

Referring now to Fig. 3, it will be seen that there is provided a turntable ill on which a plu raiity of records may be stacked, this turntable 15 having a suitable hub l2 splined on the upright spindle t4, the arrangement being suchthat the hub may move lengthwise of the spindle but will be constrained to rotate therewith. The spindle I4 is driven through suitable reduction gearing it from the motor it, which continuously rotates.

Thehub i2 is journalled in the non-rotatable sleeve l9 which is provideiwith a radially extending pin engageabie by a lever 20 which is urged in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 3

by a spring 22 so as to normally urge the turntable to its extreme upper position. The sleeve l9 which is suitably fixed against rotation, while being arranged to be capable of vertical movement, has a radially extending pointed projection 24 engageable between serrations 26 on a member carried by a plunger 28 whichis slidably mounted in frame members and is urged away from the projection 24 by a spring 30. Further reference will be hereafter made to the actuation and purpose of this plunger.

The empty turntable is adapted to be locked in lowered position against the action of spring 22 for purposes of loading through the medium of a hook member 32 engageable with an annular flange 34 formed on the lower side of the turntable, which hook is carried by a rod 36 slidable in the supporting'irame and normally urged inwardly by a spring 38. The rod 36 may be re- 'tracted to disengage the member 32 from flange 34 by manual manipulation of its upturned outer end 40 which extends through a slot in the plate 4, as indicated in Fig. 1.

The spindle l4 which, as stated above, is driven by the motor l8 through reductiongearing I6, is provided with a worm 42 through which it drives a wheel secured to a shaft 44 journalled in the frame. This shaft hasnear its lefthand end,

as viewed in Fig. 3, a pin 46 forming one member as of a clutch, a sleeve 48 being provided with a suitable slotted edge for engagement with this pin. This sleeve 48 is provided with a slot engaging a pin 50 carried by a cam shaft 52, the pin and slot cormection c'onstraining the shaft 52 to rotate upon rotation of sleeve 48, but permitting movement of the sleeve 48 relative to the shaft 52 either against or with the spring. 54 which normally engages the sleeve with the pin 46.

A lever 56 is pivoted to the frame as indicated in Figs. 3, 4 and 8 being urged in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 3 by a spring 58, the inner end of this lever is provided with a lug 60 arranged to cooperate with a cam 62 carried by the sleeve 48 for the purpose hereafter described. The lever is adapted to be rocked against the action of spring 58 at a suitable time in the operation of the machine by a cam 64 carried by the shaft 52.

The opposite end of the lever provides a portion 66 adapted to be engaged by the lower hook end of a latching lever 68 pivoted at IO-to the frame and at its other end at I2 to a member I4 which is urged upwardly by a spring I6 as viewed in Fig. 8. The member I4 is arranged to engage the squared portion 18 of a rod extending from the tone arm supporting member 82 which is rotatable within a sleeve 83 pivoted on the frame by adjustable pivot points 84. At its upper end the supporting member 82 carries the tone arm 86 which at its free end provides a mounting for the pick-up 88 which is preferably of an electrical type. 'A counterweight 90 carried by the lower end of the member 82 provides a counterbalance for the weight of the tone arm and pick-up.

Returning to a consideration of the member I4, this member at its inner portion is provided with serrations 92 on its. upper end arranged to be engaged at suitable times by the squared portion I8 of the rod 80. The lever 68 is provided with an extension 94 arranged in the path of the rod 80 for a purpose which will be hereafter apparent. A pin 96 limits upward movement of the member I4 under the action of spring I6. It may be pointed out that the pick-up needle is maintained in contact with the record by the preponderance of weight of the pick-up and tone arm over the counterbalancing weight 90 and the tension of spring'JIB so that while the pick-up is in contact with the record the member I4 will be moved downwardly away from engagement with the stop pin 96, the position of the parts during the playing of a record being as illustrated in Fig. 8.

A lever 98 is arranged to engage the member 82 when acted upon by a suitable cam I02 carried by a cam disc I04 secured to the shaft 52, the

lever 98 being provided with an adjustable cam engaging screw I00 for the purpose of properly adjusting the action of lever 98 in lifting the tone arm from the record.

Links I06 and I08 are pivoted to the frame being provided at their lower ends with blocks pivoted thereto through which extends a headed rod IIO surrounded by a coil spring I I2 which serves to urge the links I06 and I08 to parallel position relative to each other against the heads of the rod H0. The link'l06 carries a plate II4( engageable by a pin IIB carried by the disc I04, and adapted upon such engagement to cause the linkage to swing to the positions illustrated in construction lines in Fig. 7 to carry the pick-up outwardly toward the periphery of the records. The spring II2 provides that this movement of the rod 80 be of yielding nature since in case the rod 80 is positively stopped the spring I I2 will yieldfollower I24 carried thereby into engagement 1 with a cam I26 carried on the disc I04. At its upper end the lever I20 carries a spring pressed latch I28 engageable within a slot in a retaining arm I30 to normally maintain said arm in its lowered position. By manipulation of the latch I28 against the action of its operating spring the arm I30 may be released and raised to an angle such as that illustrated in Fig. 3. The arm I30 normally extends to a position overlying the end of spindle I4 so as to carry a rotatable retaining plate I32 into axial alignment with and either enveloping or substantially against the end of said pin so as to engage the topmost record of a stack on the turntable. The plate I32 is suitably journalled inthe arm I30 by the use of antifriction bearings so that no substantial resistance to turning of the turntable is offered thereby. Preferably the pin extends a short distance above the topmost record during playing, being received in an opening in the plate I32.

Journalled in the frame at I36 is a lever I34 urged by a spring I38 to bring its lower end into contact with the acting edge of a cam I40 carried by the shaft 52. To the upper end of the lever I34 is pivoted a sleeve I42 which rests upon an eccentric stop I44, this eccentric stop being rotatable through manipulation of its supporting spindle I45 to either the illustrated position wherein the sleeve I 42 locates to the parts it carries to discharge a record, or to a position wherein the sleeve is raised to prevent such discharge, the limiting positions being defined by engagement of a pin I4I' on spindle I45 with suitable stops. Slidable within the sleeve I42 is the rod I46 urged outwardly by a spring I 48 acting against a pin I50 carried by the rod to a position wherein the head I54 on the outer end of the rod engages the sleeve thereby limiting its inward movement.

' The inner end of the rodcarries a wedge shaped Fig. 9 by a spring I60, set into a bore in the finger I58 and reacting against the upper extension of the member I56, this spring serving to urge the feeler member I58 towards the point at the end of the member I56. Abayonet slot I52 in the sleeve I42 receives the pin I50 so that the rod I46 may be held outwardly against the tens on of spring I48 inposition to cooperate with large records.

A cam I62 carried by the disc I04 is arranged to act upon the plunger 28 which has been heretofore described.

An inwardly reciprocating plunger I64 provided with a head extending to an accessible position outside the cabinet and normally urged outwardly by a. spring I66 may be forced against the action of this spring into engagement with the member I4, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 8.

A vertically movable plunger I68 is slidable through a supporting sleeveI69 which provides such friction with the member I68 that it will retain the position in which it is located by manual manipulation of its head I I0. In its lowermost position, illustratedin Fig. 8, it is in the path of movement of the rod 80 so that it limits the movement of'the rod and therefore the tone arm outwardly. This provides for' the suitable location of the pick-up to engage the beginning of the groove of a record of a small, say inch,

size. On the other hand, if the plunger I60. is

. lifted, the rod .80 may move therebeneath whereby the pickup will move further outwardly so as to be inposition to engage the outer portion of the groove of a larger, say 12-inch, record.

Assuming the table I0 to be empty andfthe. machine stopped -in its normal condition, the -table I0 will be depressed until hook 32 engages records may be stacked on spindle I4. Followingthis, the arm I is lowered carrying plate I32 adjacent the upper end of spindle I4, and is latched in this lowered position by I28, the lever I20 being new acted upon by cam I26. By re- I suitable controlling switch, and the pick-up needle traction of hook 32, the table is released so that the topmost record is carried upwardly into engagement with plate I32.

The motor may now be started by closure of a is lowered into engagement within thegroove of centric circular or oval continuation which oscil the upper record. Playing of the record then takes place.

During the playing of the record, the various elements of the record changing mechanism occupy certain normal positions. The member" and hook 68 occupy the positions illustrated'in Fig. 8, the latter holding lever 56 against the tension of spring 50- so that lug 60, now engaging cam 62, holds the clutch disengaged with the result that shaft 52 is stationary. Cam 64 occu-' pics the position illustrated in Fig. 8 with its high part clearing lever 56. Plunger .28 is disengaged from cam I62 so that the table is free to press the topmost record against the lowered plate I32 under the action of spring 22. Lever I34 engages a low part of cam I40 so that the discharging member I56 is retracted. If record change is to take place, the eccentric I44 is located so that member I56 occupies its lowered position. If

small size records are being played, plunger I68 is lowered.

Records in common use at the present time are made in two alternative forms for the purpose of actuating usual types of automatic stoppingdevices, and use is made of the stopping features of theserecords to operate the record changing mechanism at the end of the playing of the records. In one form of record, there is provided at the end ofthe sound groove-an eclates the tone arm. In the other form, thenormal spiral at its inner end has an abnormal advance so as to suddenly carry the tone arm a considerble' distance inwardly towards the axis of rota- ,tion and always a given distance from the center of the record. r

In the case of the first type of record, as the tone arm moves inwardly during the playing, the arm moves therewith so that its squared portion 18 moves,to the right over the serrations 02 which are quite small so' that little resistance is offered to movement of the pick-up. This movement tothe right only tends to cause the book 68 to more firmly engage the end 66 of lever 56.

- However as soon as the eccentrlc groove is reached, oscillation of the tone arm produces a whereupon lug 60 frees cam 62,

ment of the clutch initiating rotation of shaft II6 on member reverse movement of member I4 thereby causing I hook 68 to disengage lever 56.

On the other hand, if a record of the second type is being played, the inward movement of the tone arm causes rod 80 to engage the, extension 94 thereby disengaging the book from lever In either case, the disengagement of lever 56 permits it to rock under the action of spring 58,

52. Shaft. 52 then starts its single revolution to effect thecycle of operation for the discharge of the topmost record and the The first event of the cycle is the movement of plunger 28 to engage the serrated edge of member 26 with point 24 whereby the turntable is locked against upward movement, although continuously rotating. Immediately following this, the clamping plate I32 rises dueto the drop of follower I24 from cam I26,-the rise of the clamping plate, as shown in Figs. 9 to 11, being sufliei'lecting engage-- beginning of playing of the next in order. A

cient to clear the record during its discharge] Before or during these events, lever 98 is acted upon by cam I02 to'raise the pick-up from the record;

Following this, cam I40 moves the sleeve I42 inwardly. As this occurs, the finger I58 moves over the edge of the topmost record and, by reason of the spring I60, pulls up with it the wedge I56fthe point of which passes between the topmost and second record. .It may be pointed out that the finger and point are adjusted to approximately receive a record between them, the rounded'outer periphery of the record permitting the point to enter between the two records. Further inward movement causes the wedge I56 to ride up the edge of the second record thereby lifting the topmost one over the spindle I4 as shown in Fig. 10, discharge then taking place due to the action of gravityand the additional effect of rotation, the latter serving to insure discharge of badly warped records or ones which mayhave become sticky for anyreason. I

As soon as discharge is thus effected, the wedge withdraws, plate I32 is lowered to its normal position, and plunger 28 is disengaged by cam' I62, thereby releasing the turntable for rise under the action of spring 22 to bring the next record into contact with the plate I32.

During this period, the tone arm, maintained raised by lever 08 is carried outwardly by the action of lever I08 .under the operation of pin "4, the outward movement being limited by the engagement of plunger I68 by rod 80. In the case of small size records, spring I I2 yields to permit this restraint upon movement of lever ,I08, the normal movement of which is, of course, such as to carry the pick-up to the beginning'of the groove of a large record. Asthe outer limit of movement is reached, the cam I02 Accordingly, whenthe lever 56 is rocked by cam 64,. it will be engaged by the hook and maintained in position so that its lug 60 moves into thepath of cam. 62 on the clutch member 48. The cam rides over the lug, causing the clutch member to II move inwardly and 'be thereby disengaged with the result that shaft 52 stops. The shaft stops, of course, only after cam 64 moves to a position releasing lever 56 so that it is free to drop upon subsequent tripping.

If instead of a small record, a large size record was played, it would be necessary only to raise plunger I68, so that rod 80 could move thereunder to allow the pick-up its full outward movement, and to adjust the rod I 46, carrying the wedge and finger, to its alternate outerposition.

vIf it is desired that any record shall be repeated, eccentric I 44 may be turned so that the wedge I56 will ride over the topmost record which will therefore not be discharged. The ordinary cycle will be, however, effected so that the pick-up is re-'- turned to the beginning of the record.

If during the playing of a record it is desired to immediately eject it, the plunger I64 may be forced inwardly to trip the hook 68 from lever 56 thereby-starting the discharge. It is, to be observed that the pick-up may be raised by the mechanismirrespective of its position and will be properly returned to the beginning of the next record.

It is desirable forseveral reasons, that the last record should not be ejected. First, while the machine may obviously be made to stop after playing the last record by the automatic opening of the motor switch, it is preferable to arrange the device so that the motor will run continuously until manually stopped. Under these conditions, repetition of the last record gives warning that the machine is operating and should be stopped. Second, and more important, the

needle should not be permitted to ride either on the edge or top of the table, and a record should be in position to receive it.

To attain this result, the table II] is made smaller inradius than the small size records.

As will be obvious from Fig. 11, the result of this is that there is no backing for wedge I56 which accordingly will not rise to remove the record from the spindle. The playing of the last record will therefore be, repeated until the machine is stopped.

It will be obvious that numerous changes may be made in the embodiment of the invention without departing from the spirit thereof, as defined in the following claims. For example, while the table is preferably inclined to the vertical to produce gravity discharge in a definite direction, a horizontal table might be provided, the discharge being centrifugal in character.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters 7 Patent is:

1. A phonograph including a pin-arranged at an angle to the vertical with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, means yieldingly urging the turntable towards the free end of the pin, a member engaging the topmost record and cooperating with the: turntable to clamp the stack of records, means for'holding the turntable from upward movement, means for raising the member while the turntable is so held to release the topmost record for movement from the stack, and means for lifting the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear thepin.

2. A phonograph including a pin arranged with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records, arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin. means yieldingly urging-the turntable towards the free end of the pin, a member engaging the topmost record and cooperating with the turntable to clamp the stack of records, means for holding the turntable from upward movement, means for raising the member while the turntable is so held to release the topmost record for movement from the stack, and means for lifting the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear the 3. A phonograph including a pin arranged at an angle to the vertical with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, means yieldingly urging the turntable towards the free end of the pin, a member engaging the topmost record and cooperating with the turntable toclamp the stack of records, means for holding the turntable from upward movement, means for raising the member while the turntable is so held to release the topmost record for movement from the stack, and means for lifting. the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member reacting between the two uppermost records.

4. A phonograph including a pin arranged with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, means yieldingly urging the turntable towards the free end of the pin, a member engaging the topmost record and cooperating with the turntable to clamp the stack of records, means for holding the turntable from upward movement, means for raising the member While the turntable is so held to release the topmost record for movement from record relatively to the next record to clear the pin, said last-named means including a member reacting .between the two uppermost records.

5. A phonograph including a pin arranged at an angle to the vertical with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a. plurality of records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin,- means yieldingly urging-the turntable towards the free end of the pin, a member engaging the topmost record and cooperating with the turntable to clamp the stack of records, means for holding the turntable from upward movement, means for raising the mem' ber while the turntable is so held to release the topmost record for movement from the stack, and means for lifting the topmost record relatively to'the/next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member engaging the edge of the topmost record.

6. A phonograph including a pin arranged with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records, arranged in a stack I for rotation about the axis of the pin, means yieldingly urging the turntable towards the free end of the pin, a member engaging the topmost record and cooperating with the turntable to clamp the stack of records, means for holding the turntable from upward movement, means for raising the member while the turntable is so rality of. records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, means yieldingly urging the turntable towards the free end of' the pin, a member engaging the topmost 8. A phonograph including a pin arranged with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records, arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, means yieldingly'urging the turntable towards the free end of the pin, a member :engaging the topmost record and cooperating with the turntable to clamp the'stack of records, means for holding the turntable ffomupward movement, means for held, to release the topmost record for movement from the stack, and means for lifting the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear. the pm, said last named means including a member reacting between the two uppermost records, and a feelenmember engageable with the top of the topmost record for guiding said reacting member between the records. I

9 A phonograph including a pin arranged with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a" stack for rotationabout the axis of the pin, and meansv for raising the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member reacting between the two uppermost records, the lower of these two records acting as a, cam to raise said member. 10. -A phonograph including a'pin arranged at an angle to the vertical with its free and uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in.a stack for rotation about the axis of the 'pin, and means for raising the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member reacting between the two uppermost records, the lower of these two records acting as a cam to raise said member.

11. A phonograph including a pin arranged with its free enduppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in, a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, and means for raising the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member reacting between the twouppermost records, the lower of these two records acting as a cam to raise said member, and a fee1er member engageable with the top' of the topmost record for guiding said reacting member between the records.

12. A phonograph including a pin arranged at an angle to the vertical with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, and means for raising the topmost record relatively ,to the next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member reacting between the two uppermost records, the lower of these two records acting as a cam to raise said member, and a feeler member engageable with the top of the topmost record for guiding said reacting member between the records. I

13. A phonograph includinga pinarranged with its -free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, and means for raising the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member reacting be-. tween the two uppermost records, the lower of thesetwo records acting as a cam to raise said member, said turntable being of'lessdiameter than therecords whereby the reacting member will be inoperative to effect removal of the last record on the turntable. y

14. A phonograph including a pin arranged with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a. stack ior rotation about the axis of the pin, and means for raising the topmost record relatively to the next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member reacting between the two uopermost records, thelower of these two records acting as a cam to raise said member; said reacting member being arranged totake care of records of different sizes.

15. A phonograph including a pin arranged with its free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of the pin, and

means for raising the topmost record relatively two uppermost records, the lower of these tworecords acting as a cam to raise said member,

and having alternative paths of movement, in

one of which it is operative, and in the other of which it is inoperative.

16. A phonograph including a pin arranged withits free end uppermost, a turntable for supporting a plurality of records arranged in a stack for rotation about the axis of. the pin, and means ffor raising thetopmost record relatively to the next record to clear the pin, said last named means including a member reacting between the two uppermost records, and a feeler member en- 'gageable with the top of the topmost record for guiding said reacting member between the records, said reacting member and feeler being arranged to take care ,of records of difierent sizes.

17. In an automatic phonograph, the combination with a turntable adapted to receive a stack of records, and a reproducer, of means for removing the uppermost record from the stack upon completion of the reproduction thereof in- \cluding a member normally freeof the. records, means mounting said member adjacent the turntable'for movement substantially in a fixed plane toward and from the records, a single cam operable upon completion of the record for moving said .member toward the records and between the uppermost records of the stack, and means for elevating said member upon the continued movement thereof for raising said uppermost record to permit the discharge thereof.

18. In an automatic phonograph, the combination with a turntable adapted to, receive a stack of records, and a'reproducer, of means for removing theuppermost record from the stack upon completion of the reproduction thereof including a member, means mounting said member adjacent the turntable for movement substantially in a fixed plane toward andjrom the records, means actuated upon completion ofthe record for moving said member toward the records, in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the turntable, and into engagement with the lower side of the uppermost record of the stack, and means for elevating said member upon the continued movement thereof for raising said uppermost record to permitthe discharge thereof.

19. In an automatic phonograph, the combination with a turntable adapted to receive a stack of records, and a reproducer, of means for removing the uppermost record from the stack upon completion of the reproduction thereof including a feeler member having a cam surface thereon, and an associated penetrating member guided by' the feeler member mounted adjacent the turntable for movement toward and from the records, means actuated upon completion of the record for moving said members toward the records and the cam surface of the feeler memher into engagement with the edge of the uppermost record of the stack to be cammed upward 

